The Valley of Fear Review Essay Example

The Valley of Fear Review Paper Essay on The Valley of Fear I did not expect that the product Sherlock Holmes can be called tyagomotina. Whether grown already from the age when at night with a flashlight under the covers greedily read about the adventures of the great detective, or indeed after a few successful things the authors stories come to an end Some points: 1. Holmes comes encryption from a spy (for the idea! And purely voluntary. These are used to be a spy) in the lair of the Morriarti. He immediately realizes that it is a coded message from the book, and patiently waiting for the next letter, which is written, that in the book is needed. Watson, he explains that it is then that if the letter gets into the wrong hands, so no one guessed. Yeah Like intercepted two letters is much more complicated than one And if the enemy intercept even one letter sent confidant Main Villain detective and threatens all of Londons criminals to Sherlock Holmes, and it will be encrypted so that it is not read, they are disappointed sigh and go further on business? Laughter. We will write a custom essay sample on The Valley of Fear Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Valley of Fear Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Valley of Fear Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Next. The second letter comes, it says something like: I will not tell you what this book because the professor Morriarti hostile glances in my direction, he must have realized that I have spies, so sorry, send the name of the book, on the where you will be able to unravel the encryption in the previous letter, I can not. Curtain. No matter how trying the author through Holmes convince me that Morriarti menacing spider in the world of crime and a very clever man, I told him after this I do not believe. For example, a thug with a shaved neck and a gold chain around his neck, not higher. But this is not all. What a shame the desired book is not. Well, nothing, think and find. Found. I do not know where does the notorious deduction, more shrewdness and good luck. Well, we find, read. Approximate content: one guy who worked for them, and then repented and fled, facing death, because he was found. Save him, he is good. I leave without comment. Here comes a policeman immediately noticed on the table encryption, decryption, and happily reports that the man did pristuknuli. Well, actually, well, no same conspiracy! And it is the famous detective Yeah, not the kind of crime was at the beginning of the last century than it is now very spoiled detectives Well, in short, they go to the crime scene.. Insanity grows stronger. 2. Find a gun at the crime scene. On it some stigma. Holmes take one look at him and he immediately said that it is a brand of the American company (already forgot the name). They all agree that the killer American. Not a shadow of a doubt! A gun? Thats right, the US. So who killed? Thats right, an American. It is necessary to look for a man with a typical accent. There are no words 3. The corpses head shot spaced. A little later in the moat under the window will find the package with American clothing (yes! They still found it and sketched sketch! Taki really an American was ). I would think a normal person? The killer shot the victim, then undressed, threw the clothes out of the window and ran naked? Thats right, thats what they think! More precisely, they speculated. Well, youve all understood, yes? 4. In short, when I got a living sacrifice criminal arbitrariness and fingers explain to the reader, who has killed whom and why, it has become frankly boring. But when he said that he decided to pretend that it killed him, and put ubiytsevu card near the corpse to his employers do not doubt that the killer is still killing And then disappeared somewhere. Well, there where little may disappear after the crime assassin? Maybe hes doing. No one would have worried, yeah. This is only half of the book. In the second part the terrible story of the past failed sacrifice which she (the victim) wrote three days sitting in prison in a secret room, none other than hoping for a meeting with the writer Watson. Because at this meeting tetradochku neatly brought with them. Well, it is, by the way. So, not killed asked the doctor to publish the story among his Memoirs (simpler, perhaps, a sign to hang up his chest, Im still alive, go seek, but then everything about you writers ponarasskazyvayu!), And in the second part of it, in fact, all this and says: tyagomotina terrible, terrible resembles the Mormon story in A Study in Scarlet » .

The world imagined and the world discovered essays

The world imagined and the world discovered essays In 1498, the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sailed with four ships from Europe to reach India. Because of the cold weather, the sailors could not prepare food. They went to Africa and collected all they needed and finally reached India and saw the flock of amazed citizens watching their Western ships. Europeans traded goods such as silks, fine carpets, pottery, and precious jewels from India and China. They were interested in cloves, cinnamon, coriander, and pepper that were particularly found in the East. The warfare of 1400s in Eastern Europe and Asia disabled the Europeans to travel over land. They found new trade routes to get to East Asia. Venetian explorer Marco Polo believed that Japan was 1,500 miles east of China and he exaggerated descriptions of the eastern lands such as dog-headed humans and headless people. These exaggerations were later proved wrong by the explorers. Ptolemys worldview was divided into 360 degrees of longitude. As well, it consisted of three continen ts Asia, Africa, and Europe and two oceans the Indian Ocean and the Western Ocean. He also said that land covered three-fourths of earths surface. His miscalculations, including earths size being one-sixth smaller than its usual size, were forgotten through vast knowledge. European rulers and explorers were desperate for money and Eastern goods. Since, in 1453, the conquest of Constantinople increased the price of the spices and goods, it put the already poor Western Europe into large devastation. They regained wealth by hiring people to hunt new wealth. The explorers not only wanted to find new land and wealth, but also wanted to spread their religion and to practice their religion in their own land. The Catholics sent converts to other places and the Protestants practiced their faith in new lands Europeans gained faith along with fame and fortune across the miles. Navigation tools such as the as ...

How to Be Successful Managers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to Be Successful Managers - Research Paper Example All in all, the successful managers should embrace the strategies that will make their company to have a health growth. Further, successful managers should make use of their employees to achieve the good that come from them (Mack 3). This research will explore the management in the hotel industry. First the research endeavors to collect tangible and first hand information from Richard Moore, a manager in Big Island Hotel in Hawaii. Second, the report will explore the job openings and trends in the in the hotel industries. Third, it will reveal the job prospects in the hotel industry, experience that is required, and the credentials that are needed to join hotel industry. The report will finally give my eligibility and concerns about working in this field. Hotel industry deals with offering accommodation to people who are far away from their residence. The industries offers food, shelter, and sleep to make sure all the needs of their clients are catered for. Some of the key players in this field include resorts, casinos, and private clubs (Barrows and Powers 4). It is therefore important to have good management in this industry for client full satisfaction. To gain a deeper understanding of management in the hotel, the report interviewed Richard Moore, the manager of Hawaii Big Island Hotel. This hotel is the best performing hotel in Hawaii. Because of the extremely customer friendly services it offers, Big Island has amassed many awards and recommendation from experts and their clients. Richard Moore gives the qualities that make an effective management in the Big Island Hotel. He reveals that a managers need to search the relevant information on the current prices in the hotel market. This helps to compare with the rates of other players in the market. According to Moore, there are different sources of information where one can get the details about the rates of competitors. These include local rates of corporate, their websites, and the group rates (Mack 16). Richard informs this research that the data is crucial in hotel management because it gives a rough estimate of what clients may be willing to pay. In addition, it helps the hotel manager in setting up of rates in a level that comfortably keeps hotels in operation. Richard goes ahead to state the two ways of setting the rates. The first method is reduction in the operating expenses. According to him, this method targets to maximize income of the hotel industry. The second method focuses on generating revenues. Richard asserts that to achieve maximum revenue collection, the manager should ensure classic accommodation of their clients. Moore alludes that managers should always strive to make a lot of gains and cut the expenses (PKF Hospitality Research). Richard Moore emphasizes that managing the hotels staff is the heart of success in hotel industry. Without a good relationship between the staff and the management team the hotel business heads to doom. Richard says that the managers should not only pay attention to market rates alone. There should be a well and close-knit relationship between the top management team and the subordinates. As a way of explanation, Moore insists that managers should always be physically available and accessible. He says that distinct factions are the cause of failures in most hotel industry. Moore asserts that learning about the subordinate names, their families,

Evidence-Based Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Evidence-Based Practice - Essay Example In the field of nursing and medicine, the already existing medical knowledge is undergoing advances with every passing minute. For that matter, it is important for a student nurse or a practicing one to be in touch with these developments and a feasible way for that is research conduction. It not only broadens the horizon for the researcher but also if the conducted research is good enough it proves to be a useful tool for fellow professionals in the setting.  Mosby’s Medical Dictionary (2009) defines Evidence-Based Practice as health care practice in which the practitioner, be it the doctor, nurse or any other healthcare professional, finds sifts through and then uses the latest and appropriate research findings for his clinical decision making. The evidence-based practice has been integrated with almost all professions including medicine, nursing, psychiatry, law etc. With the ever improving sophistication of professional dealings, the responsibility increases on the shoul ders of a nurse, a doctor or any other professional for that matter, to provide the best possible quality of service. This is where evidence based practice comes into play. By developing patient centered approaches in the delivery of quality care using the latest evidence available, evidence based care can be implemented in nursing practice (Emanuel, et al. 2011).  Field and Lohr (1992) define clinical practice guidelines as statements which are developed systematically in order to assist practitioners and patients alike in their decision making regarding requisite health care for various scenarios.  The aim of these statements is to define the role of specific modalities of both diagnostic and therapeutic value for the management of patients. Formation of these guidelines involves a lot of research and evidence based study established on published medical literature.  

Art in south afric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art in south afric - Research Paper Example The art show will be followed by a briefing regarding South African art and the country. Objectives The proposed art show is directed to create awareness and learning in regards to other cultures and perspectives from around the globe. The art show is also expected to enhance the understanding of students taking Africa-related classes as well as students who are researching African art and culture. The audience will also be provided a chance to compare contemporary North American art with art from Africa, bringing out the nuances in culture and belief between both societies. Moreover, the briefing regarding South Africa, its art and culture following the art show is expected to enhance the understanding of the audience in regards to how African art has evolved over the ages. Active feedback will be sought from the audience using comment cards that will be provided to each visitor. Changes deemed necessary by the audience will be incorporated to the proposed art show and will be kept in note for future art shows. It is hoped that a successful art show will convince other universities to follow suit. Context The proposed art show is expected to draw in a varied audience composed of students, teachers and members of staff at Indiana State University. Learning about other cultures, their values and norms is increasingly necessary, given the multi-racial outlook of modern society. The art show presents students with a chance to peer beyond their own cultural traditions so that they may breed tolerance for other cultures. Audiences will be handed out small brochures as guides to the art show. These brochures will include information regarding South Africa and regarding the art pieces on display. Community Connections Volunteers from the community will be required to watch over the show to ensure that the art pieces are not vandalized in any form. In addition, volunteers will be required in order to usher the incoming audiences and to manage the entire art gallery dur ing exhibition time. The volunteers will be expected to open up the gallery and shut it down each day that the exhibition proceeds. Before the start of the art show, volunteers will be needed to set up the pieces of art in the art gallery while making sure that no piece gets damaged. In addition, custodians will clean up once the show is over for one day so that the art gallery is in great condition for the next day’s show. Budget The proposed art show will require funding in order to procure South African art from the parent country and from around the globe. The funding will be spent for two major causes – buying the artwork and then transporting the artwork to Indiana State University. The funding could be derived by holding a fund raiser that could appeal to the students as well as other bodies’ faculty and staff and the community. Moreover, the departments for art and history will be requested to release some funds in order to sponsor the art exhibition. Ou treach and Promotion Proper marketing effort needs to be made to drive people to attend the art show. In order to market the cause, posters will be exhibited all across the campus including the cafeterias and common rooms. Moreover, posters will be placed on notice boards around the campus as well as the entrances of all major buildings. In order to take advantage of social networks, a marketing campaign will target various social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, My Space etc. The university’

HPV Infection and Associated Cancers

HPV Infection and Associated Cancers 1.0 Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that is spread through genital and skin-to-skin contact [1]. Its infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world [1] and accounts for 561200 representing 5.2% of all cancer cases worldwide [2, 3]. Over 290 million HPV infections are recorded worldwide annually [4] and the prevalence of HPV vary from 14% to over 90% [5]. Currently, over 170 HPV-types have been identified and designated with numbers [6-8] and at least forty are transmitted through genital contact [9]. The virus can also be transmitted through skin-to-skin sexual contact (regardless of penetration), mucous membranes or bodily fluids, oral sex and mutual masturbation (genital fondling) [10]. HPV affects only humans [11]. When the HPV virus comes in contact with human cells, it may bring about changes to the cell called lesions which may lead to the development of tumors [6]. High-risk HPV-types (hrHPV) (aka oncogenic HPV-types) are able t o incorporate themselves into the cell DNA and transform its behavior in a way that results in cancer whereas low-risk HPV-types (aka non-oncogenic HPV-types) do not cause cancer [10]. HPV infection is most common in young men and women in their teens and early 20s [11]. Authors of the HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity (HITCH) cohort study reported an HPV infection of more than 56% in young adults in relatively new sexual relationships and more than half (44%) were infected with oncogenic HPV-types. In the early 2000s, about 6.2 million new cases of HPV infection were recorded in America of which 74% occurred in 15 to 24-year olds [12].   A systematic review of more than 40 studies by Dunne et al (2006) showed that HPV prevalence estimates vary from 1.3% to 72.9% amongst studies of multiple sites and 56% of them reported a prevalence of more than 20% [13]. Most HPV infections are asymptomatic and usually resolve on their own over the course of weeks [14]. For example, HPV-5 may cause infections that may linger for a very long time in an infected person without showing any clinical symptoms [9]. However, when an HPV infection does not resolve naturally, it may result in malignancies including genital warts (small or large, raised or flat or even shaped-like-a-cauliflower bumps or groups of bumps around the genital region) [9] and precancerous lesions [15]. While HPV-1/2 causes common warts (usually found on the hands, feet and sometimes knees and elbows), HPV-6/11 causes Recursive Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) (when warts are formed on the larynx [16] or other sites on the respiratory tract) [17, 18]. These warts recur very often and obstruct breathing [17]. Another major symptom of HPV infection is that it is strongly related to cancer, specifically cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, oropharynx, anus and penis [2, 3] (For details refer to Section 1.1). One common feature of these cancers involves the transmission of HPV infection to the stratified epithelial tissue (a multilayered cell with every cell in direct contact with a basement membrane that separates it from a connective underlying tissue) [2, 14 -15]. The first section of this chapter of this thesis, section 1.1, briefly introduces all cancers associated with and attributable to HPV infection as reported in [2, 3]. Definition of HPV-associated and HPV-attributable cancers are also given in the same section. This is particularly important as a clear inclusion or exclusion criteria is set for cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and penis as defined by their causal methods which are HPV-inspired or otherwise. Subsections 1.11 to 1.16 are devoted to respectively discussing all six cancers. In these subsections, actual definitions of cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and penis will be provided as well as their composition by specific anatomical region. The relationship between HPV and these cancers will also be provided in these subsections as well as a brief history. Section 1.2 will provide a detailed discussion regarding international trends in the incidence rates of these HPV-associated cancers. Section 1.3 will disc uss the behavior of the incidence rates in Canada as established in Canadian literature and will, therefore, show why this thesis seeks to explore the behavior of incidence rates of HPV-associated cancers in Canada using Canada-wide data. Finally, section 1.4 will itemize the research questions in this thesis. 1.1 HPV-associated Cancers When most people think of an HPV infection, they might think of cervical cancer. However, one must be careful because they is a growing subset of non-cervical cancers extensively established as strongly linked to HPV infection and the proportion of these cancers vary by anatomical site [3]. These cancers include cancer of the oropharynx as well as those in the genital region (i. e. vagina, anus, vulva and penis) [19]. Current data reveal that HPV-infection is associated with 12%-63% of oropharyngeal cancers, 40%-64% of vaginal cancers, 40%-51% of vulvar cancers, 36%-40% of penile cancers and 90%-93% of anal cancers [3, 20] and 100% of cervical cancer cases are attributable to HPV [21]. The difference in HPV-attributable proportions for these non-cervical cancers partly results from inherent differences in the methods of detecting cancer, differences in geographic locations in HPV-attributable populations [22]. Other potential reasons for differences in HPV proportions are because som e studies report on individuals currently having a detectable infection while others report on individuals who have ever had a detectable infection and also there are differences in the HPV strain tested for by different studies [23]. An HPV-associated cancer is a specific cellular type of cancer that is diagnosed in a particular part of the human body where HPV is found [9]. The virus is often found in the vulva, vagina, cervix, rectum, anus and oropharynx [23, 24]. Several studies including [24] have shown that the incidence rates of HPV-associated anal and rectal cancers are similar, so from-here-on-in, rectal cancer will be assumed to have an analogous incidence distribution as anal cancer. Cancer-based registries (CBRs) identify diagnosed cases by using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd revision (ICD-O-3) codes for HPV-associated groups: cancers of the anus (C20-C21), vulva (C51), vagina (C52), cervix (C53), penis (C60) and oropharynx (C019, C024, C028, C090-C099, C102, C108, C140, C142 and C148) [25, 26]. An HPV-attributable cancer is a cancer that is possibly caused by HPV [9]. HPV causes all cervical cancers and cancers of the vulva, penis, vagina, anus, rectum and oropharynx as shown above. The epidemiology and histology of HPV-associated cancers of the cervix, anal, penile, vaginal, vulvar and oropharynx are discussed next in subsections 1.11 to 1.16. 1.11 Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is a major global public health threat: it is the fourth most prevalent cancer in women, with approximately 500000 new cases annually [27, 28]. Almost all cervical cancers occur at the junction of the endocervix and the ectocervix, at a junction called the transformation zone [28, 29]. According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), any vaginal lesion that relates to the ectocervix should also be treated as cervical cancer [29]. Before puberty, this junction is found on the visible vaginal portion of the cervix (i.e. the ectocervix) and is fairly stable [30]. Within young women as well as women on oral contraceptives, the visible transformation zone is called ectopy, which regresses into the endocervix with increasing age and the commencement of sexual intercourse [31]. The main morphological type of cervical cancer associated with HPV is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which accounts for about 60% of all cervical cancer cases [28]. Adenoc arcinoma (AC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) are the next common types while neuroendocrine or small cell carcinomas, primary cervical lymphoma, cervical sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma are rare [28]. There are geographical differences in the cervical cancer incidence rates [28]. GLOBOCAN 2012 examined the burden of cervical cancer amongst countries by estimating age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) by country, and a global ASR of 14 per 100000 women of all ages was reported [32]. Over 85% of the global burden of cervical cancer occurs in developing countries, where it accounts for 13% of all female cancers [33, 34]. Most countries in South America and sub-Saharan Africa report an ASR associated with cervical cancer of more than 50 per 100000 women [28]. In contrasts, cervical cancer rates are generally less than 7 per 100000 women in western Europe, western Asia, New Zealand, the Middle East and Australia and these geographical differences in cervical cancer incidence rates closely reflect the availability of cervical precancer screening programs [28]. Comprehensive national screening programs for cervical cancer and dysplasia have a great impact in managing cervical cancer incidence [35]. The Papanicolaou (pap) smear screening test, which detects cytological abnormalities of the cervical transformation zone reduced cervical cancer incidence by more than 70% in developed countries [36]. Risk factors associated with cervical cancer include early sexual debut, multiple sexual partners [37], smoking [38], a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) [39] and chronic immunosuppression with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection [40]. Circumcision of male sexual partners is protective for women [41]. Cervical cancer is preventable by avoiding HPV, the causative agent or through the identification and treatment or pre-invasive lesions by histopathologists [30]. These precursor lesions to cervical cancer are called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or, specifically, squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) a term used to identify where abnormal cells develop [30]. Lesions from Low-grade CIN mostly relapse while those of high grade require comprehensive treatment [42]. For high-grade CIN, the rate of progression to invasive cancer if left untreated is approximately 30%-50% with 30 years, however, proper treatment drastically reduces this risk to under 1% [42]. 1.12 Anal Cancer Anal cancer or squamous carcinoma of the anus and anal canal is a rare malignancy accounting for only 2% of all gastrointestinal cancers [43, 44] and about 4% of cancers associated with the lower gastrointestinal tract [45]. Anal cancers emerge from anal mucosa when glandular elements associated with the gastrointestinal tract develops into squamous mucosa [28]. Research has shown that a greater proportion of anal cancer cases are attributable to continuous infection with hr-HPV (HPV-16/18) [46]. The global ASR associated with anal cancer is shown to be 1.0 per 100000 [32]. Risk factors for HPV-associated cancer of the anus are generally associated with sexual activity [46, 47]. Reporting at least 10 sexual partners in ones lifetime increases the risk of developing anal cancer [48]. Elsewhere, receptive anal intercourse with two or more partners and HIV infection [49], a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (e.g. gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus 2) [48], genital warts [50] and smoking [51] have also been shown to increase the risk of developing HPV-associated anal cancer. 1.13 Penile Cancer Another rare malignancy associated with HPV infection is penile cancer. It accounts for less than 1% of all male cancers [3, 43 and 52]. It is an abnormal growth found in the tissues or on the skin of the penis and about 95% of all cases of penile cancer are SCC [53]. It mostly results from a series of epithelial modifications (precursor lesions) which often progress quickly from low-grade lesions to high-grade lesions and finally invasive carcinoma [53]. The frequency of SCC being preceded by premalignant lesions is still unknown [54-57]. Although SCC is the most prevalent penile neoplasia, several histological types of different growth patterns, clinical aggressiveness and HPV association have been reported [58]. An HPV infection is found in basaloid (warty penile SCCs (39%) and 76%, mixed warty-basaloid (82%) [55]. DNA of HPV has also been identified in about of 30%-40% and about 70%-100% of invasive penile cancer tissues [54]. Variations in histological subtypes of penile cancer vis-à  -vis the rate of HPV-positivity is an indication that HPV may be a cofactor in the carcinogenesis of certain variants of penile SCC [59]. This therefore points to higher incidence associated with penile cancer in regions with higher prevalence of HPV and vice versa [60]. Geographical differences in study populations result in variations in incidence rates associated with penile cancer [32]. In North America and Europe, SCC of the penis accounts for less than 1% of cancers associated with men [43]. In developed countries, the ASR of penile cancer is between 0.1 and 0.5 per 100000 men [32].   However, for developing countries including Malawi, Uganda, Brazil, Vietnam, Paraguay, Columbia and India, the penile cancer accounts for more than 10% of reported cancers [32]. The associated ASR is at least 2.0 per 100000 men is reported in these countries [32, 43-44]. The incidence of penile cancer suggests the presence of risk factors [28]. Risk factors essentially are associated with chronic inflammation and HPV infection, compromised genital hygiene [61-63]. Circumcision is reported to have a 3-fold decrease in penile cancer risk [62]. Cancer of the penis is classically associated with old age and is generally reported in men with low socioeconomic status [52]. Smoking is also an independent risk factor associated with penile cancer [62, 63]. Though not an Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining cancer, the risk of developing penile cancer in HIV-positive men is 8 times higher than in HIV-negative men. Men with penile cancer are most likely to report protracted penile rash, penile injury, prior history of genital warts and phimosis (the inability of an uncircumcised penis to fully retract the foreskin) [62]. 1.14 Vaginal Cancer HPV-associated vaginal cancer is a rare malignancy with an ASR between 0.2 and 0.7 per 100000 in most countries [64]. It is associated with older women, with incidence peaking around the sixth and seventh decades of life [65]. Several studies have shown that

Influence of Humanism and Renaissance Italian Art

During the Italian Renaissance , humanism played an important role ininfluencing the artist of that time in their paintings and what they drew. The definition of  humanism is the denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the  rejection of religion in favor of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own  efforts. This means that many of the philosophers, scientists, and artists of that time  started to reject the ideas of the church. Previously almost all pictures had to do with  religion but this changed and is shown in two works in the Italian Renaissance. They are  The School of Athens, by Raphael, and in The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci.Taking a first glimpse of The School of Athens by Raphael, you will see that there  is humanism everywhere. You can tell that it was planned carefully, and portrayed  something meaningful to the artist. In the painting The School of Athens you can notice  an extremely dominant theme: Humanism. Th e artist, Raphael, shows a thirst  and  eagerness for knowledge that is displayed everywhere in the painting. This gives us a  glimpse of what society was back in the Renaissance. Judging by the painting, it was  mainly revolving around education and advancement. In The School of Athens, Raphael  paints people learning from, debating against and simply ignore one another.Each  individual illustrates a point about society in the Renaissance. Similar to the theme and  the setting of the painting, these interactions mostly have to do with knowledge and  understanding, as the school would not be a place of social life back then. Both the  theme of and people in the painting are included in the realism of a painting to show a  society, which is used effectively in The School of Athens by Raphael.In The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo also uses humanism  although it has to do somewhat with religion. In the painting, there is immense amounts  of symmetry in this painting. This was important to humanism because everything was  supposed to be balanced. Also man's perfection was a big part in the renaissance, and a  body is symmetrical. So some symmetry in The Last Supper was, on either side of Jesus  was a group of six people, then in those groups of people each was split into two other  groups, all very even and symmetrical. There was also four panels on each side of the  walls.Another characteristic of humanism art was real emotions. Every single person in  this painting( besides Jesus, who was left out for obvious reasons) is not smiling. They  are giving real emotions. Humanism art was all about emotions, and being real. All the  people in the painting seem concerned or anxious, all real emotions, they are not just  happy all the time. Like what was stated before, artist of the time wanted to show how  real people in the paintings were. All the people have shaded in feature which give them  the look of real people.As you can see, by these two works and also by many others, there much much  humanism involved. In almost every painting, the artists drew more life like pictures and  people showing the expressions of their faces and the society they had lived in at that  time. You can see this in the two examples that I showed. Both of them had similar  aspects because both had realistic people in them, and both pictures showed expressions  on the peoples faces.

Political Influences of Constructivist Theory Essay

There are several political influences that underlie the constructivist curriculum theory. Before the 1900s, the principles of constructivism were not very well regarded because it was generally thought that classroom instruction should be rigid and that teachers should be the sole generator of knowledge and while student’s only task in the classroom is to absorb that knowledge (Kitchener, 1986). During the 1920’s, educators such as Jean Piaget and John Dewey, began calling for educational reforms to adapt more â€Å"democratic† curricula that make use of constructivist ideals (Kitchener, 1986). These people inspired political movements that called for a different approach to learning. These political influences prompted the establishment of organizations that sought to veer away from the traditional learning methods. One such organization which was formed is the National Council of Teachers in Mathematics (NCTM). The NCTM saw how traditional methods called â€Å"drill and kill† numbed student’s minds and made learning inapplicable to practical circumstances and began to launch political and educational movements intended to help teachers facilitate learning more effectively in the classroom (NCTM, 2008). However even at the present, constructivist educational reforms have yet to take root in American legislation. Still, there are instances when political will is raised by the public to find new ways to deliver quality education. One such instance was in the latest release of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMS) worldwide testing which showed that American students were performing poorly based on the world standards (AGI, 2008). This prompted movements that yet again called for a different approach to education outside of the traditional lecture methods. In 2002, the U. S. House Subcommittee on Education Reform introduced legislation that sought to overhaul the current research methods for deriving effective teaching practices and better explore constructivist approaches (AGI, 2008). This legislation is known as the Education Sciences Reform Act (AGI, 2008). In conclusion, it can be said that the constructivist curriculum is politically tied with the public’s desire to have better working educational models for their children. This want is what has driven movements to exist and call for government to address the problem.

Free sample - Modern Art Beyond the West. translation missing

Modern Art Beyond the West. Modern Art Beyond the WestExecutive summary Western aspects are quite evident in the artistic designs of Li Hua. His techniques heavily borrowed from those used in the western world. These techniques included: lithography which belongs to the planographic printing, etching which belongs to the intaglio printing, woodcut which belongs to the relief printing and stencil printing. Introduction Many artists in china have heavily borrowed from the west as far as their design techniques are concerned. This paper will discuss one highly renowned Chinese artist by the name Li Hua and show how his work was influenced by western art. Objectives This paper seeks to show how the work of Li Hua was influenced by western art. Research methodology To achieve the desired research objectives, both primary and secondary sources of information were made use of. The primary sources included questionnaires given to professionals in the art arena quite conversant with the concept and historians who are well versed with the concept. The secondary source of information was basically library research targeting books and articles touching on the subject. Main body Li Hua was a renowned Chinese artist who studied western oil painting in Guangzhou as well as in Japan (Speiser, 1960). He is known for finding the first modern wood cut society in china in the year 1934 on returning from Japan. He also started the All - china Association of anti- Enemy Woodcutters (Honey, 1945). He lectured in the Central Academy of Fine Arts and wrote many articles and books on art theory. This artist pursued the artistic cannons of western nations (Speiser, 1960). This is for instance seen in his selection of subjects as well as their composition in his wood cut designs. The overall design as well as the postures of the characters in his designs reflect techniques of western countries. Other aspects of western techniques in the work of this artist included: lithography which belongs to the planographic printing, etching which belongs to the intaglio printing, woodcut which belongs to the relief printing and stencil printing (Sullivan, 1961). Conclusion This paper has discussed the techniques borrowed from the western culture that Li Hua applied in his designs. They have included: lithography which belongs to the planographic printing, etching which belongs to the intaglio printing, woodcut which belongs to the relief printing and stencil printing. References Honey, W. (1945). The Ceramic Art of China and other Countries of the Far East. London: Oxford University Press Speiser, W. (1960). The Art of China: Spirit and Society. London: Crown Publishers. Sullivan, M. (1961). An Introduction to Chinese Art. California: University of California

Free Essays on Constitution

The Constitutional Convention began on May 25, 1787, when 55 delegates arrived at Philadelphia’s Independence Hall, then known as the Pennsylvania State House. There the delegates amended the Articles of Confederation. Four questions proved far more difficult to resolve: conflicts over how the people were to be represented in Congress; what to do about slavery; the powers of the president and the procedures for election to the office; and the powers and functions of the federal courts. The delegates settled most of the scores of issues quickly. They then created a new Constitution, a plan of government designed to solve the governmental problems caused under the Articles of Confederation. Since they made such a flexible document it still continues to guide this nation today. The Constitution spells out in six sections the powers of the federal government and the states. Later amendments expanded some of these powers and limited others. For example in document #2 many years later the voting laws were able to be changed so that no matter your race, sex, color, or age as long as your 18 years of age or older, you cant be denied the right to vote. The Constitution prevents cruel or unjust use of power through the separation of powers. In document #4 it talks about the system of checks and balances and how each branch of government has its own responsibilities and cannot take action in areas assigned to the other branches. Otherwise one person or group being in control with all that power would not be good for the nation as a whole. Congress enacts laws, leaving enforcement of the laws to the executive branch and interpretation of them to the judicial branch. As stated in document #5 in the Marbury v. Madison case the judicial branch with the power and authority to interpret the constitution, was provided with a veto over federal laws. The Constitution divides governmental powers in other ways, both w... Free Essays on Constitution Free Essays on Constitution The Constitutional Convention began on May 25, 1787, when 55 delegates arrived at Philadelphia’s Independence Hall, then known as the Pennsylvania State House. There the delegates amended the Articles of Confederation. Four questions proved far more difficult to resolve: conflicts over how the people were to be represented in Congress; what to do about slavery; the powers of the president and the procedures for election to the office; and the powers and functions of the federal courts. The delegates settled most of the scores of issues quickly. They then created a new Constitution, a plan of government designed to solve the governmental problems caused under the Articles of Confederation. Since they made such a flexible document it still continues to guide this nation today. The Constitution spells out in six sections the powers of the federal government and the states. Later amendments expanded some of these powers and limited others. For example in document #2 many years later the voting laws were able to be changed so that no matter your race, sex, color, or age as long as your 18 years of age or older, you cant be denied the right to vote. The Constitution prevents cruel or unjust use of power through the separation of powers. In document #4 it talks about the system of checks and balances and how each branch of government has its own responsibilities and cannot take action in areas assigned to the other branches. Otherwise one person or group being in control with all that power would not be good for the nation as a whole. Congress enacts laws, leaving enforcement of the laws to the executive branch and interpretation of them to the judicial branch. As stated in document #5 in the Marbury v. Madison case the judicial branch with the power and authority to interpret the constitution, was provided with a veto over federal laws. The Constitution divides governmental powers in other ways, both w...

Historical Significance of AIDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Historical Significance of AIDS - Essay Example The article views a range of aspects from a social perspective on practices of institutions that shape the response of Brazil to AIDS and victims lives and their stories. It is drawn from interviews with policy makers, corporate actors, longitudinal ethnographic and activists among the care services of AIDS. The innovation of pharmaceuticals allow for unlikely coalitions which exposes the insufficiencies of action to reforms and paradigms of public health, if to global values, limited extent and mechanisms. The treatment rollouts form matters of strong negotiations, the local realization shape up by uncertainty and contingencies. Such realizations program diverse political and economic interests, as well as desires and citizens needs. The therapeutic merges also expose local infrastructure and national deficiencies and bring together the relations of civil society. A public health model that is pharmaceutically centred has surfaced to be a by-product from the treatment of AIDS sustai nability and scale up of policy of AIDS in Brazil has to constantly be negotiated in the drugs world market. Many networks and differentiation in the AIDS care resurface and in the article, the reason for the difficultness in AIDS practice among the poor has been well spelt out. The AIDS victims who are poor stay in a flux state and simultaneously acknowledging their condition during their participation in salvation. In a micro and macro level, there is a triage state and survival politics crystallizing (Biehl, pp 1083) Many communities have different beliefs, ideas and healing systems about AIDS and therefore, a viewed few ideas will be considered (porter, pp8). AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a feared disease which results into entire failure of resistance to bacterial and viral infection that originally exist in the body of human being. AIDS is caused by Human T-cell Lymph tropic-associated HTLV-III according to scientists from America. In France the scientists name d it LAV and World Health Organization calls it HIV. The virus affects selectively helper T-cells responsible for very crucial role in the defence responses of human body to fight diseases (Christopher et al, pp 7) The named symptoms might show one or alongside others or altogether might be suppressed: unexplainable and significant weight loss, thick sputum cough, glands which are swollen in neck side, groin and armpits, watery diarrhoea that persists, white copursles reduction, anal and oral ulcers persistent mood of tiredness and blood platelets reduction. The virus presence in human body is discovered through an easy test of blood called ELISA. Other tests like test of immune florescence and Western blot can be used to confirm this test (ELISA). AIDS is not curable. But researchers worldwide are working on finding a safe but effective vaccine and a drug which would stop this virus from spreading. Considerations have been on many drugs. But Dideoxy nucleoside, Ribavarin and Azidot hymidine seems to be more satisfactory. Already AZT is being used in the United States of America on the victims. AIDS is a name derived from a deadly immune structure weakening. Furthermore, AIDS as investigated is caused by T4cells destruction or functional failure. T4 cells are also known as helper cells that perform a systematic role in production of immune system or body defence antibodies. During the period of ailment, there exists a big reduction of the helper cells count blocking the manufacturing of antibodies and

Media Management - Event Planning Event Planning Essay

Media Management - Event Planning Event Planning - Essay Example INTRODUCTION The marketing is the need of every small and large business in today’s world of globalization. The emergence of social media and online bloggers has allowed businesses to market online at low cost. The businesses are taking full advantage of this cheap way of marketing. The options for market a product through different mediums depends on the size and budget of the company (Smith, and Zook, 2011). Nowadays, the perfect competition is prevailing in all the local markets and this intensity of competition made necessity for every local business to create marketing or promotional strategies to stay in the market with handsome profits and differentiated brand image. The event marketing is one of the best suited marketing tools for local area advertising because it directly targets the market of local area community. Most of the events are developed to get the attention of media. Companies want media to talk about them from time to time to publicize the business. Once t he local business gets succeeded in gaining media attention then it would become easy for the local business to create its unique brand image among all the local competitors (Kotler, and Keller, 2009). Event Development (The event is named as a â€Å"Cultural Evening†): The Wild Affair is a big chain of restaurants and the company is now introducing another restaurant in the new local market by creating an event in the area for targeting the local area customers. People that are living in the local area belong to different cultures so the event is organized by considering all the small and large communities living in the area. The event is designed under the consideration of cross-culture function of the society. The event will be arranged in the hall in order to attract large audience. The restaurant has the specialty in 18 different countries foods. So especially for the event the restaurant is designed or decorated with 18 different cultural themes to represent the food av ailability of 18 countries. Every country is represented by its national culture theme or with a small setup with waiters in wearing cultural dresses of each country. The core concept is to position the restaurant and create awareness of its offerings. The culture creates an emotional attachment with the customers. The company wants to connect the emotional attachment with its customer by providing them their cultural environment. Cultural values and cultural food has created a feeling in the consumer’s mind that he/she is serving in its own country. This idea of serving the cultural food with cultural values has made an emotional bonding with customers. This bonding will create the customer loyal to the brand. The restaurant has some additional attractive services as well that are customizing food according to the mood of the customer, additional top-ups and add-ons with the meals. Another perception for the event created is that the company is combining all the communities of the area under the one roof to unite them. This perception can be called as Societal Marketing concept. Alignment of Company’s Mission and Target Audience with the Event: The company’s strategy is to target each community individually and show respect for each community’s culture present in the society. The company has covered all the communiti